مالک بن نبی کی فکری میراث: اسلامی تہذیب کی پسماندگی اور ترقی کے اسباب کا تجزیہ

The Intellectual Legacy of Malek Bennabi: An Analysis of the Causes of Backwardness and Progress in Islamic Civilization

Abstract

Malek Bennabi was a prolific thinker on Islamic civilization and social progress who analyzed the causes of Muslim backwardness and advancement. According to him, the primary reason for the decline of Muslim civilization is the lack of harmony between culture and moral values. Bennabi divided the decline of civilization into three major stages: spiritual, intellectual, and instinctive. The spiritual stage occurred during the early Islamic era when Islamic society was founded on spiritual principles. The intellectual stage emerged when the importance of reason and knowledge increased, though it also lacked balance. The instinctive stage was marked by a decline in social equilibrium and moral values, leading to inactivity in both individuals and society.

Bennabi highlighted the need for social reforms in all these stages and clarified that the relationship between backwardness and progress is a complex process that can only be addressed through cultural, intellectual, and moral reforms. His ideas offer a framework for understanding the current state of Islamic society and guide its potential future.