تداولية النص القرآني (آيات التوحيد أنموذجا)

Discursivity in the Qur’anic Text: Monotheism Verses as a Case Study

الملخص

This study explores the Qur’ānic discourse on tawḥīd (divine oneness) through the lens of pragmatics, with particular reference to Speech Act Theory developed by J. L. Austin and later refined by John Searle. Contemporary linguistic studies have shifted from a purely structural orientation to an emphasis on language in use, highlighting how speech not only conveys information but also performs actions. Within this framework, the Qur’ānic text emerges as a powerful communicative act that both articulates doctrinal truths and accomplishes illocutionary and perlocutionary functions intended to shape belief, behavior, and identity.

Through an analysis of selected verses of tawḥīd, this research demonstrates how Qur’ānic discourse transcends declarative statements to fulfill multiple pragmatic roles: assertive (proclaiming divine unity), directive (commanding worship), perlocutionary (instilling awe and conviction), and argumentative (refuting polytheistic claims), admonitory (reminding of divine presence), and identity-forming (establishing communal belonging). Austin’s tripartite model of locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary acts provides an effective framework for uncovering these pragmatic dimensions, while Searle’s typology of speech acts further clarifies their communicative strategies.

The findings reveal that verses of tawḥīd operate as transformative discourse, addressing human reason, emotion, and conduct simultaneously. The Qur’ān thus emerges not merely as a theological text but as a performative act that reshapes consciousness, affirms exclusive devotion to God, and cultivates a unified religious identity. The study concludes by recommending broader applications of pragmatic analysis in Qur’ānic studies and in comparative interfaith discourse.