مذاہب اربعہ کی کُتبِ قواعدِ فقہیہ کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ

An Analytical Study of the Books on Legal Principles of the Four Major Schools of Thought

الملخص

During the sacred era of the presence of the Seal of the Prophets, Muhammad (peace be upon him), the noble companions were proficient in the Arabic language and were fully acquainted with the content and meanings of the Quran and Hadith. Therefore, during that sacred era, there were no formal institutions or organized structures dedicated to the service of the Quran and Hadith. However, the companions were well-informed about the fundamental teachings and objectives of Islam. Later, when the Islamic conquests began and non-Arabs also embraced Islam, the banner of Islam started waving far and wide. At that time, the non-Arab Muslims felt the need to benefit fully from the sources of Islam, namely the Quran and Hadith, which are the primary foundations of the Islamic faith. Consequently, the need for the knowledge and teachings of these sciences became apparent. Gradually, with the spread of Islam, reforms and improvements occurred in these sciences. The initiation and development of all sciences and arts are rooted in the fact that as the need arises, these sciences and arts are established. This principle applies to the field of "Islamic Jurisprudence" as well. In the same way as in other sciences and arts, the creation and development of Islamic Jurisprudence continued to happen as the need arose. The formulation of its rules and principles, however, occurred in the later era. The essence of this field is derived from the commitment of the companions and their successors, as seen in the records of their agreements and practices. However, the systematic compilation and organization of these rules and principles occurred in subsequent times. This writing is about "Islamic Jurisprudence: Initiation, Development, Historical Perspective, and Critical Evaluation," where the rules of Islamic Jurisprudence are discussed, along with references to the books of eminent jurists from the four major Islamic schools of thought.