نبی کریم علیہ الصلوۃ والسلام کے بھیجے گئے خطوط کا بادشاہوں پراثرات : ایک علمی و تحقیقی جائزہ

The Impact of the Letters Sent by Prophet Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him) on the Kings: An Academic Review

Abstract

This research paper studies the letters sent by the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ to different kings and rulers, inviting them to accept Islam. These letters were written after the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, a time when the Islamic state in Madinah had become politically stable. This stability allowed the Prophet ﷺ to take his message beyond Arabia and communicate with the major powers of the world.

The letters were sent to well-known rulers of that era, including the Byzantine Emperor Heraclius, the Persian ruler Khosrow Parvez, the Negus of Abyssinia, the Muqawqis of Egypt, and the ruler of Bahrain.

The paper examines the historical background, content, style, and diplomatic manners of these letters. It also discusses how the rulers responded: Heraclius recognized the truth, the Negus accepted Islam, Muqawqis replied with respect, while Khosrow Parvez rejected the message with arrogance. The outcomes of these responses are also explained.

The study shows that these letters were not only invitations to faith but also important diplomatic documents. They reflect the Prophet’s wisdom, foresight, and concern for peace and justice. Through these letters, the foundations of Islamic diplomacy, international relations, and dialogue between different cultures were laid.

The paper concludes that the Prophet’s letters are among the earliest and strongest examples of universal invitation, peaceful diplomacy, and ethical international communication in Islam. Their influence continued to shape Islamic expansion, global relations, and understanding between different faiths for centuries.