قواعدِ فقہیہ کے مصادر و مراتب اور اسالیب کا تحقیقی و تجزیاتی مطالعہ

A research based and analytical study of the sources, hierarchies, and methodologies of legal principles in Islamic jurisprudence

Abstract

The religion of Islam is a comprehensive and everlasting faith that provides its followers, from its inception to the Day of Judgment, with sufficient solutions to the events and issues they encounter. Its fundamental sources are the Quran and Sunnah (the teachings and practices of Prophet Muhammad), followed by consensus (Ijma) and analogical reasoning (Qiyas). Through expertise in Quranic sciences, insight, traditions, and the general spirit of the faith, Islamic jurists (Fuqaha) derive principles and rules to address new issues. If a solution to a problem is not apparent from the religious sources, it can be addressed through the illumination of legal principles (Qawaid al-Fiqhiyyah). This allows individuals, after acquiring expertise, to align the perspective of Islamic law on their daily life matters. The study of legal principles holds a significant position in Islamic sciences, as it encompasses the entirety of jurisprudential knowledge and provides a comprehensive understanding of Islamic law. The knowledge of legal principles not only deepens the understanding of Islamic jurisprudence but also organizes and systematizes diverse legal issues. It assists in implementing a coherent legal system. Studying legal principles is essential for creating familiarity with the fundamental spirit and general thought process of Sharia. It aids in creating coherence in understanding and remembering the details of legal rulings. As Imam al-Qarafi said, one who memorizes jurisprudence with its legal principles becomes independent of memorizing its many details because details fall under the general principles.